Alan turing biography summary graphic organizer

Although the autopsy indicated cyanide in his body, the exact circumstances of his death remain unclear. In the years following his tragic end, Turing's legacy has been re-evaluated and celebrated, leading to posthumous pardons and recognitions that acknowledge the profound injustices he faced, as well as his unparalleled contributions to mathematics and computer science.

As a gay man in early 20th-century Britain, Turing faced considerable challenges. His most notable relationship was with Arnold Murray, a year-old he met in early Their relationship came to light following a break-in at Turing's home, leading to a police investigation that ultimately revealed Turing's sexual orientation. This resulted in Turing being charged with gross indecency, which was a criminal offense under the laws of the time.

Despite the love and companionship he found with Murray, the consequences of his openness had dire implications for Turing's life, professionally and personally.

Alan turing biography summary graphic organizer: Alan Mathison Turing was an

The emotional toll of Turing's conviction and subsequent chemical castration can hardly be overstated. Forced to choose between imprisonment and hormone treatment, Turing's decision to undergo hormonal therapy led to personal anguish and loss of identity. His relationships were often fraught with secrecy, given the legal and social status of homosexuality in the UK.

The societal rejection he faced caused immense distress, reflected in the isolation he experienced later in life. Alan Turing's career spanned various fields, including mathematics, cryptology, and computer science, but precise records of his earnings during his lifetime are scarce. While his work at the University of Cambridge and later at Bletchley Park contributed significantly to the war effort, the nature of government employment during the s often resulted in modest salaries.

Turing's financial situation improved slightly as he moved to the National Physical Laboratory, but his remuneration was still relatively unremarkable compared to his later recognition as a leading figure in computer science. After World War II, Turing held several academic positions, particularly at the University of Manchester, where he engaged in pioneering computer research.

Despite his groundbreaking contributions, which laid the foundation for modern computing and artificial intelligence, any fortune he may have accumulated was overshadowed by his tragic death in Inhe took up a full-time role at Bletchley Park, carrying out top secret work with his Hut 8 team deciphering the military codes used by Germany and its allies.

During the war, the German army used an Enigma enciphering machine to send messages securely. The machine worked by entering letters on a typewriter-like keyboard, then encoding them through a series of rotating dials to a light board, which showed the coded equivalents — capable of generating almost quintillion permutations. By earlyabout 39, intercepted messages were decoded each month — bythis rose to over 84, — two every minute.

German U-boats had inflicted heavy losses on Allied shipping, so it became crucial the Allies could decrypt their signals to avoid attack. This was crucial to the Allied victory in the Battle of the Atlantic — protecting merchant convoys critical for food supplies and building military strength, which ultimately enabled the Allies to undertake the D-Day landings in Any delay in the timing of the D-Day invasion would have put Hitler in a stronger position to withstand the Allied assault, rendering it potentially unsuccessful.

In he proposed to fellow colleague Joan Clarke.

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She accepted, but he then retracted his proposal after telling her of his homosexuality, and they remained good friends. This ability to read previously enciphered strategic German messages connecting Hitler and the Army High Command to front-line generalsrevealed information that changed the course of the war. Turing was awarded an OBE in by King George VI for his services to the country, yet his work in cracking the Enigma code was kept secret until the s, with the full story not known until the s.

He dressed shabbily without a tie, giving the impression of being permanently absorbed in his mathematical puzzles and code-breaking. He could be awkward in personal relations and blunt — especially towards those he considered charlatans or status-seekers. InTuring travelled to the US, where he became involved in pioneering attempts at the electronic enciphering of speech in telephones.

Back in the UK, Turing helped to develop a portable secure voice communicator name, named Delilah. They successfully encrypted a speech of Churchill, but it was too late for use in the war. After the war, he began work on a new generation of computers, which included the Automatic computing engine ACE and a design for the first stored-program computer.

Inhe had a trial for the British Olympic marathon team.

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Despite injury, he managed a time of 2 hours 44 minutes and just missed out. InTuring moved to Manchester, where he was made deputy director of the Computing Laboratory at the University of Manchester. He also became interested in the philosophical and practical concept of artificial intelligence. Turing is considered the father of artificial intelligence as he developed a test to see whether a computer could be considered intelligent.

Inhe also turned his attention to mathematical biology — fascinated with why plant structures exhibited Fibonacci numbers every number after the first two is the sum of the two preceding ones 1,1,2,3,5,8, During the war, Turing proposed to Joan Clark, a fellow mathematician at Hut 8. Clark accepted, however, the engagement was short-lived and Turing broke it off.

Turing felt he was not being sincere and he admitted he was a homosexual. InTuring began an affair with an unemployed man in Manchester. On 23 January, his home was burgled and the police investigated the burglary. View seven larger pictures. Biography Alan Turing was born at Paddington, London. Alan's mother, Ethel Sara Stoney, was the daughter of the chief engineer of the Madras railways and Alan's parents had met and married in India.

When Alan was about one year old his mother rejoined her husband in India, leaving Alan in England with friends of the family. Alan was sent to school but did not seem to be obtaining any benefit so he was removed from the school after a few months. Next he was sent to Hazlehurst Preparatory School where he seemed to be an 'average to good' pupil in most subjects but was greatly taken up with following his own ideas.

He became interested in chess while at this school and he also joined the debating society. Now was the year of the general strike and when the strike was in progress Turing cycled 60 miles to the school from his home, not too demanding a task for Turing who later was to become a fine athlete of almost Olympic standard. He found it very difficult to fit into what was expected at this public school, yet his mother had been so determined that he should have a public school education.

Many of the most original thinkers have found conventional schooling an almost incomprehensible process and this seems to have been the case for Turing. His genius drove him in his own directions rather than those required by his teachers. He was criticised for his handwriting, struggled at English, and even in mathematics he was too interested with his own ideas to produce solutions to problems using the methods taught by his teachers.

Despite producing unconventional answers, Turing did win almost every possible mathematics prize while at Sherborne. In chemistry, a subject which had interested him from a very early age, he carried out experiments following his own agenda which did not please his teacher. Turing's headmaster wrote see for example [ 6 ] :- If he is to stay at Public School, he must aim at becoming educated.

If he is to be solely a Scientific Specialist, he is wasting his time at a Public School. This says far more about the school system that Turing was alan turing biography summary graphic organizer subjected to than it does about Turing himself. However, Turing learnt deep mathematics while at school, although his teachers were probably not aware of the studies he was making on his own.

He read Einstein 's papers on relativity and he also read about quantum mechanics in Eddington 's The nature of the physical world. An event which was to greatly affect Turing throughout his life took place in He formed a close friendship with Christopher Morcom, a pupil in the year above him at school, and the two worked together on scientific ideas.

Perhaps for the first time Turing was able to find someone with whom he could share his thoughts and ideas. However Morcom died in February and the experience was a shattering one to Turing. He had a premonition of Morcom's death at the very instant that he was taken ill and felt that this was something beyond what science could explain. He wrote later see for example [ 6 ] :- It is not difficult to explain these things away - but, I wonder!

Despite the difficult school years, Turing entered King's College, Cambridge, in to study mathematics. This was not achieved without difficulty. Turing sat the scholarship examinations in and won an exhibition, but not a scholarship. Not satisfied with this performance, he took the examinations again in the following year, this time winning a scholarship.

In many ways Cambridge was a much easier place for unconventional people like Turing than school had been. He was now much more able to explore his own ideas and he read Russell 's Introduction to mathematical philosophy in At about the same time he read von Neumann 's text on quantum mechanics, a subject he returned to a number of times throughout his life.

The year saw the beginnings of Turing's interest in mathematical logic.