Brahmagupta brief biography of abraham

View one larger picture. Biography Brahmagupta, whose father was Jisnugupta, wrote important works on mathematics and astronomy. The work was written in 25 chapters and Brahmagupta tells us in the text that he wrote it at Bhillamala which today is the city of Bhinmal. This was the capital of the lands ruled by the Gurjara dynasty. Brahmagupta became the head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain which was the foremost mathematical centre of ancient India at this time.

Outstanding mathematicians such as Varahamihira had worked there and built up a strong school of mathematical astronomy. We look below at some of the remarkable ideas which Brahmagupta's two treatises contain. First let us give an overview of their contents. These ten chapters are arranged in topics which are typical of Indian mathematical astronomy texts of the period.

The topics covered are: mean longitudes of the planets; true longitudes of the planets; the three problems of diurnal rotation; lunar eclipses; solar eclipses; risings and settings; the moon's crescent; the moon's shadow; conjunctions of the planets with each other; and conjunctions of the planets with the fixed stars. The remaining fifteen chapters seem to form a second work which is major addendum to the original treatise.

The chapters are: examination of previous treatises on astronomy; on mathematics; additions to chapter 1 ; additions to chapter 2 ; additions to chapter 3 ; additions to chapter 4 and 5 ; additions to chapter 7 ; on algebra; on the gnomon; on meters; on the sphere; on instruments; summary of contents; versified tables. Brahmagupta's understanding of the number systems went far beyond that of others of the period.

He gave some properties as follows:- When zero is added to a number or subtracted from a number, the number remains unchanged; and a number multiplied by zero becomes zero. Allen Lane. Early Astronomy. New York: Springer-Verlag. The Birth of Mathematics: Ancient Times top. Pingree's Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit. A4, ff. Ahmed; Benham Sadeghi; Robert G.

Hoyland eds. Inasmuch as Brahmagupta used some of the same examples as Diophantus, we see again the likelihood of Greek influence in India — or the possibility that they both made use of a common source, possibly from Babylonia. It is interesting to note also that the algebra of Brahmagupta, like that of Diophantus, was syncopated. Addition was indicated by juxtaposition, subtraction by placing a dot over the subtrahend, and division by placing the divisor below the dividend, as in our fractional notation but without the bar.

The operations of multiplication and evolution the taking of rootsas well as unknown quantities, were represented by abbreviations of appropriate words. Translated by Henry Thomas Colebrooke. John Murray. The procedures for finding the cube and cube-root of an integer, brahmagupta brief biography of abraham, are described compared the latter to Aryabhata's very similar formulation.

They are followed by rules for five types of combinations: [ Bibcode : tnti. The Indians called the Euclidean algorithm the "pulverizer" because it breaks numbers down to smaller and smaller pieces. To obtain a recurrence one has to know that a rectangle proportional to the original eventually recurs, a fact that was rigorously proved only in by Lagrange.

His straightforward rules for the volumes of a rectangular prism and pyramid are followed by a more ambiguous one, which may refer to finding the average depth of a sequence of puts with different depths. The next formula apparently deals with the volume of a frustum of a square pyramid, where the "pragmatic" volume is the depth times the square of the mean of the edges of the top and bottom faces, while the "superficial" volume is the depth times their mean area.

Thus Brahmagupta enumerates his first six sine-values as, His remaining eighteen sines are,,,, Electronic reproduction. New York: Columbia University Libraries, Retrieved 3 June OCLC Bibliography [ edit ]. Further reading [ edit ]. External links [ edit ]. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brahmagupta. Wikisource has original works by or about: Brahmagupta.

Indian mathematics. Mahalanobis Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar C. Rao Veeravalli S. Varadarajan S. Srinivasa Varadhan K. Parthasarathy probabilist M. Narasimhan C. Brahmi numerals Hindu—Arabic numeral system Symbol for zero 0 Infinite series expansions for the trigonometric functions. Rangacarya — P. Sengupta — B. Datta — T. Hayashi A. Krishnaswamy Ayyangar — A.

Singh — C. Rajagopal — T. Saraswati Amma — S. Sen — K. Shukla — K. Sarma — Babylon China Greece Islamic mathematics Europe. Born in CE in Bhinmal, a town in present-day Rajasthan, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of his time. Brahmagupta was the director of the astronomical observatory in Ujjain, one of the leading centers of astronomical research in ancient India.

His work had a profound influence on scholars in Byzantium, Islamic countries, and beyond. He introduced algebraic methods into astronomical computations and established rules for operations involving zero, positive, and negative quantities. This monumental treatise consists of 25 chapters, largely devoted to astronomy, with two chapters 12th and 18th dedicated to pure mathematics.

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