Desembarque de pedro alvares cabral explorer biography

He returned with a cargo of gold and spices in King Manuel did not forgive Cabral for the loss of men and ships, and he earned a reputation as an unlucky captain. The kings were persistent in their superstitions. Upon his return to Portugal, Cabral was removed from his duties and, until his death inhe no longer undertook frequent voyages.

He spent the rest of his life in seclusion in his estate in the Beja Beixas province. InBrazil and Portugal celebrated the th anniversary of Cabral's birth. Monuments were erected in his honor in Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro, recognizing his discovery, which bestowed upon Portugal one of the most valuable gems in its crown. Cabral and the viceroys of India, the creators of the Portuguese colonial empire, d'Almeida and d'Albuquerque, are the last prominent names among Portuguese navigators.

Desembarque de pedro alvares cabral explorer biography: The work, which was completed

However, soon after, the country was named Brazil after the brazilwood found there. Contact About Privacy. As a result, one of the most enduring alliances of the Portuguese in India ensued. Before returning to Portugal, Cabral exchanged letters with the authorities of Kollam and visited Cannanore. A small contingent of troops was left in Cochin with the factor.

One more ship was lost in the Eastern African coast during the return trip, but all the other vessels arrived safely in Portugal between late June and late July, Cabral came back with a significant supply of spices, as well as with the basis of an alliance with Cochin, and the first news from Sofala. This is the reason why the king appointed him commodore of the fleet that would leave for India in the Spring of Displeased with the royal decision, Cabral caused the king's disapproval as he voiced his opposition to the existence of an autonomous post of command in the Indian Sea.

This incident was probably the cause that led the king to entrust the command of the fleet to Vasco da Gama, who was at the time a Knight in the Order of Santiago. Cabral would never serve the Crown again, though he married Dona Isabel de Castro, a member of the Noronha lineage, and a niece of Afonso de Albuquerque, in Nonetheless, Cabral reached the Malabar Coast, established trade agreements, and returned to Lisbon inladen with spices and other goods.

Cabral's subsequent naval expeditions are not well-documented. He is believed to have died around His voyages were chronicled in Giovanni Ramusio's seminal work, "Navigazioni e viaggi," published in Cabral became the military chief, while far more experienced navigators were seconded to the expedition to aid him in naval matters. The fleet had two divisions.

Desembarque de pedro alvares cabral explorer biography: Pedro Álvares Cabral was a Portuguese

The first division was composed of nine naus carracks and two round caravelsand was headed to Calicut in India with the goal of establishing trade relations and a factory. The second division, consisting of one nau and one round caravel, set sail for the port of Sofala in what is today Mozambique. The pepper could then be resold, tax-free, to the Portuguese Crown.

Spices were then rare in Europe and keenly sought-after. An earlier fleet had been the first to reach India by circumnavigating Africa. That expedition had been led by Vasco da Gama and returned to Portugal in Portugal's expansionism would lead first to a route to India, and later to worldwide colonization. A desire to spread Catholic Christianity to pagan lands was another factor motivating exploration.

There also was a long tradition of pushing back Muslims, which stemmed from Portugal's fight for nationhood against the Moors. The fight expanded first to North Africa and eventually to the Indian subcontinent. An additional ambition which galvanized the explorers was the search for the mythical Prester John —a powerful Christian king with whom an alliance against Islam could be forged.

Finally, the Portuguese Crown sought a share in the lucrative West African trade of slaves and gold, and India's spice trade. The fleet under the command of the 32—year-old Cabral departed from Lisbon on 9 March at noon. The previous day it had been given a public send-off which included a Mass and celebrations attended by the King, his court and a huge crowd.

They were proven correct the next afternoon, Wednesday 22 Aprilwhen the fleet anchored near what Cabral christened the Monte Pascoal "Easter Mount", it being the week of Easter. The spot is on the eastern coast of present-day Brazil. The Portuguese detected inhabitants on the shore, and all ships' captains gathered aboard Cabral's lead ship on 23 April.

He set foot on land and exchanged gifts with the indigenous people. As in the first contact, the meeting was friendly and Cabral presented the locals with gifts. The men collected food by stalking game, fishing and foraging, while the women engaged in small-scale farming. They were divided into countless rival tribes. The tribe which Cabral met was the Tupiniquim.

Desembarque de pedro alvares cabral explorer biography: RM G15K3W–Pedro Alvares Cabral ( or

A few tribes engaged in cannibalism. He, along with the ships' crews, participated. The following days were spent stockpiling water, food, wood, and other provisions. The Portuguese also built a massive—perhaps 7 metres 23 ft long—wooden cross. Cabral ascertained that the new land lay east of the demarcation line between Portugal and Spain that had been specified in the Treaty of Tordesillas.

The territory was thus within the sphere allotted to Portugal. To solemnize Portugal's claim to the land, the wooden cross was erected and a second religious service was held on 1 May. The fleet resumed its voyage on either 2 [ 62 ] or 3 [ 60 ] May and sailed along the east coast of South America. Cabral became convinced that he had found an entire continent, rather than an island.

The exact location of the disaster is unknown—speculations range from near the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of the African continent [ 63 ] to "within sight of the South American coast". The remaining vessels, hindered by rough weather and damaged rigging, were separated. One ship that had been separated, commanded by Diogo Dias, wandered onward alone, [ 66 ] and the other six ships were able to regroup.

They gathered into two formations consisting of three ships each, and Cabral's group sailed east, past the Cape of Good Hope. Fixing their position and sighting land, they turned north and landed somewhere in the Primeiras and Segundas Archipelagooff East Africa and north of Sofala. From Kilwa Kisiwani, the fleet departed to Malindiwhich was reached on 2 August.

Cabral met with its king, with whom he established friendly relations and exchanged gifts. Pilots were recruited at Malindi for the last leg to India and the fleet set sail. Land was reached at Anjadipan island frequented by ships to obtain supplies on their way to Calicut. Here the ships were beached, recaulked and painted. Final arrangements were put into place for the encounter with the ruler of Calicut.

The fleet departed Anjadip and arrived in Calicut on 13 September. Despite a desperate defense by crossbowmen, more than 50 Portuguese were killed.

Desembarque de pedro alvares cabral explorer biography: The “Pedro Álvares Cabral”

Thinking that the attack was the result of unauthorized incitement by jealous Arab merchants, Cabral waited 24 hours for an explanation from the ruler of Calicut, but no apology was forthcoming. The Portuguese were outraged by the attack on the factory and the death of their comrades and seized ten Arab merchant ships at anchor in the harbor.

Around of their crews [ 75 ] were killed and the cargoes confiscated before the merchantmen were set afire. The Arabs also had no desire to allow the Portuguese to break their monopoly on access to spices. The Portuguese had started out by insisting on being given preferential treatment in every aspect of the trade. The letter from King Manuel I brought by Cabral to the ruler of Calicut, which was translated by the ruler's Arab interpreters, sought the exclusion of Arab traders.

The Arab merchants believed that they were about to lose both their trading opportunities and livelihoods, [ 79 ] and attempted to sway the Zamorin against the Portuguese. The Portuguese and Arabs were extremely suspicious of each other's every action. Historian William Greenlee has argued that the Portuguese realized that "they were few in numbers and that those who would come to India in the future fleets would always be at a numerical disadvantage; so that this treachery must be punished in a manner so decisive that the Portuguese would be feared and respected in the future.

It was their superior artillery which would enable them to accomplish this end. Warnings in reports from Vasco da Gama's voyage to India had prompted King Manuel I to brief Cabral regarding another port to the south of Calicut where he could also trade. This city was Cochin and the fleet set sail, reaching it on 24 December. Cochin was eager to achieve independence, and the Portuguese were willing to exploit Indian disunity to further their own goals.

This tactic eventually ensured Portuguese hegemony over the region. At last, loaded with precious spices, the fleet went to Kannur for further trade before setting out on its return voyage to Portugal on 16 January The expedition headed for the east coast of Africa.