Petroshimi amir kabir biography

And also he made much efforts concerning judicial reforms, destroyed the custom of taking sanctuary which often had a deviating trend. In the said academic center many great men were educated and could help their nation in various ways. He was insisting in foreign trade to be balanced positively. This action made his relation much firmer with religious leaders.

He tried to stop torturing and harming guilty fellows and those who were accused. Patriotism and the fierce opposition of Amir Kabir with the influence of foreign countries in Iran, Strive for justice and security, Prevention of torture and persecution of suspects and criminals, Prevention of refuge for political rogues and other action in the foreign embassies and trying to disconnect the information - espionage of internal citizens for foreign representatives were from other reformative measures of Amir Kabir during the short four-year of his tenure.

Amir Kabir who from the beginning of his tenure was suppurted by Nassereddin Shah, On Friday at 22 Rabi Alawal in year got married with the sister of the King. Reformative efforts of Amir Kabir did not continue a long time and while independent foreign policy of Amir Kabir and his serious efforts to cut the influence and intervention of Russian and British caused to make the beginning of a new era in the country,but conspiracies of political representatives of these two countries and the synchronization of internal hidden and apparent rancor of Amir Kabir with the policy of aliens gradually caused that Nassereddin Shah became suffered and then desperation and anger from him and also abdicated him from his tenure and other administrative and military careers and exiled him to Kashan city.

Thus with the foreign conspiracy and complicity and petroshimi amir kabir biography of a group of internal effective person, Nasereddin Shah assigned Haji Ali Maraghehee Hajeb Aldawla to kill Amir Kabir. Amir Kabir was removed from the position of tenure at Muharram in year and was killed in the bathroom of Fin Kashan by Hajeb Aldawla on Saturday night at 18 Rabi Alawal in year Latest article The desert draws the look away.

Among people deceased inAmir Kabir ranks Among people born in IranAmir Kabir ranks out of Among politicians born in IranAmir Kabir ranks Read more on Wikipedia Sincethe English Wikipedia page of Amir Kabir has received more thanpage views. Some awareness of these reached Amir Kabir in Erzurum and inspired in him at least one aspect of his policy as chief minister: the elimination of clerical influence upon affairs of state.

A year later, while retaining the post and title of vazir-e nezamhe was appointed lala-bashi or chief tutor to the crown prince Naser-al-din, who was still only fifteen years of age.

Petroshimi amir kabir biography: Sanʿat Petroshimi-ye Iran Az Aghaz

The former title came to be his common designation; the latter, used for the first time since the Saljuq period, referred to the tutorial relationship between the minister and his young master. More severe disorder prevailed in a number of provincial cities, especially Mashhad. Amir Kabir sent two armies against Hasan Khan, the second of which, commanded by Soltan Morad Mirza, defeated his forces and captured him.

With order reestablished in the provinces, Amir Kabir turned to a wide variety of administrative, cultural, and economic reforms that were the major achievement of his brief ministry. His most immediate success was the vaccination of Iranians against smallpoxsaving the lives of many thousands if not millions.

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To aid him in the task, he set up a budgetary committee headed by Mirza Yusof Mostofi-al-mamalek that estimated the deficiency in the budget at one million Iranian toman. Amir Kabir thereupon decided to reduce drastically the salaries of the civil service, often by half, and to eliminate a large number of stipends paid to pensioners who did little or no governmental work.

This measure increased his unpopularity with many influential figures and thus contributed to his ultimate disgrace and death. At the same time he strove to collect overdue taxes from provincial governors and tribal chieftains by dispatching assessors and collectors to every province of the country.

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The collection of customs duties, previously farmed out to individuals, was now made the direct responsibility of the central government, and the Caspian fisheries, an important source of revenue, were recovered from a Russian monopoly and contracted out to Iranians. The administration of the royal lands khalesajat came under review, and the income derived from them was more closely supervised than before.

Yield and productivity, not area, were established as the basis of tax assessment for other lands, and previously dead lands were brought under cultivation. These various measures for the encouragement of agriculture and industry also benefited the treasury by raising the level of national prosperity and hence taxability. He introduced the planting of sugarcane to the province, built the Naseri dam on the river Karkheh and a bridge at Shushtarand laid plans for the development of Mohammara.

He also took steps to promote the planting of American cotton near Tehran and Urmia. Among the various measures enacted by Amir Kabir, the foundation of the Darolfonun[ 3 ] in Tehran was possibly the most lasting in its effects. Decades later, many parts of this establishment were turned into the University of Tehran[ 4 ] [ 5 ] with the remaining becoming Darolfonun Secondary School.

The initial purpose of the institution was to train officers and civil servants to pursue the regeneration of the state that Amir Kabir had begun, but as the first educational institution giving instruction in modern learning, it had far wider impact. Among the subjects taught were medicine, surgery, pharmacology, natural history, mathematics, geology, and natural science.

The Austrian instructors initially knew no Persian, so interpreters had to be employed to assist in the teaching; but some among them soon learned Persian well enough to compose textbooks in the language on various natural sciences.

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These were to influence the evolution of a more simple and effective prose style in Persian than had previously existed. Dar ul-Funun had large fluctuations in its enrollment, primarily due to the Shah's fluctuating commitment in funding put into the institution. A clear decline in investment was apparent when a visitor reported in that seventy students and only a single European instructor were enrolled at the institution.

A minimum circulation was ensured by requiring every official earning more than 2, rials a year to subscribe. In founding the journal Amir Kabir hoped to give greater effect to government decrees by bringing them to the attention of the public; thus the text of the decree forbidding the levying of soyursat was published in the third tissue of the paper.

All of the measures enumerated so far had as their purpose the creation of a well-ordered and prosperous country, with undisputed authority exercised by the central government. This purpose was in part frustrated by the Ulemawho throughout the Qajar period disputed the legitimacy of the state and often sought to exercise an independent and rival authority.

Amir Kabir took a variety of steps designed to curb their influence, above all in the sphere of law. In addition, any case involving a member of the non- Muslim minorities belonged exclusively to the jurisdiction of the divan-khana. Amir Kabir also sought to reduce clerical power by restricting the ability of the ulema to grant refuge bastin their residences and mosques.

Less capable of fulfillment was Amir Kabir's desire to prohibit the taziyehthe Shia "passion play" enacted in Moharramas well as the public self-flagellation that took place during the mourning season. He obtained the support of several ulema in his attempt to prohibit these rites, but was obliged to relent in the face of strong opposition, particularly from Isfahan and Azerbaijan.