Saartjie baartman biography of albert

Saartjie Sara Baartman was one of the first black women known to be subjugated to human sexual trafficking. Baartman and her family were members of the Gonaquasub group of the Khoikhoi. Baartman grew up on a colonial farm where she and her family most likely worked as servants. Her mother died when she was aged two and her father, who was a cattle driver, died when she was still a young girl.

By her teenage years Baartman married a Khoikhoi man who was a drummer. They had a child together who died shortly after birth. When Baartman was sixteen, her husband was murdered by Dutch colonists. Soon after, she was sold into slavery to a trader named Pieter Willem Cezar, who took her to Cape Town. On October 29,although she could not read, year-old Baartman supposedly signed a contract with William Dunlop, a physician, who was a friend of the Cezar brothers.

This contract required her to travel with the Cezar brothers and Dunlop to England and Ireland where she would work as a domestic servant since technically slavery had been abolished in Great Britain. Image from Volume 2 of Natural History of Mammals Colonialism [ edit ]. Feminist reception [ edit ]. Traditional iconography of Sarah Baartman and feminist contemporary art [ edit ].

Media representation and feminist criticism [ edit ]. Reclaiming the story [ edit ]. Legacy and honours [ edit ]. Cultural references [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. BBC News Magazine. History of Science. S2CID The woman Unfortunately, no record of her original name exists and she is better known by her epithet, the Hottentot Venus', to her contemporaries, present-day historians, and political activists.

Sara Baartman and the Hottentot Venus: A ghost story and a biography. Princeton University Press. ISBN Retrieved 18 November Court of King's Bench. Wonders and Marvels. ABC News. Radio National. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The Times Digital Archive. The Attorney-General commented: "As to Lord Caledon's permission, it would have been wrong in his lordship to have given it.

But it should be known, that This contract between the Hottentot and Cezar[sic] was made as usual; but when Lord Caledon discovered for what purpose, he was much displeased, and would have stopped the parties if they had then been in his power. Retrieved 13 November Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press: 1— The dress is contrived to exhibit the entire frame of her body, and the spectators are even invited to examine the peculiarities of her form.

Retrieved 1 September Journal of British Studies. The Gender and Science Reader. New York: Routledge, p.

Saartjie baartman biography of albert: Born around , Sarah, also

This stated that she was his domestic servant and would allow herself to be exhibited in public in return for 12 guineas a year. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed. Oxford University Press. Subscription or UK public library membership required. New York: W. Norton, p. The New York Times. ISSN Retrieved 22 January The Independent. The Journal of Science and the Arts.

III V : Retrieved 19 July Her malady is said to have been the small pox, which the physicians mistook successively for a catarrh, a pleurisy, and a dropsy of the chest. Archived from the original on 14 August Retrieved 6 August She spoke reasonable Dutch, which she had learned in The Cape, knew some English, and was beginning to say a few words in French.

She danced according to the fashion of her own country, and played on the instrument they call the 'jew's harp' quite by ear Her arms rather slender were very well-made, and her hand charming. Her foot was also very pretty BBC News. Retrieved 13 October New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Saartjie baartman biography of albert: Step into the captivating

Critical Inquiry. The University of Chicago Press: — JSTOR PMID Retrieved 25 September Retrieved 28 November Africa is a Country. Archived from the original on 24 February Frieze Social Identities. Retrieved 6 November Washington Post. The Conversation. Retrieved 11 September Saartjie Baartman Centre for Women and Children.

Saartjie baartman biography of albert: Sarah Baartman was a

Archived from the original on 30 September University of Cape Town. Retrieved 13 December Archived from the original on 15 April Icarus Films. Archived from the original on 23 October Retrieved 4 November Postcolonial Studies Emory. Emory University. After the case, Baartman's show gradually lost its novelty and popularity among audiences in the capital and she went on tour around Britain and Ireland.

In she moved to Paris with Cesars. She became a celebrity once more, drinking at the Cafe de Paris and attending society parties. Cesars returned to South Africa and Baartman came under the influence of an "animal exhibitor", with the stage name Reaux. She drank and smoked heavily and, according to Holmes, was "probably prostituted" by him. Baartman agreed to be studied and painted by a group of scientists and artists but refused to appear fully naked before them, arguing that this was beneath her dignity - she had never done this in one of her shows.

This period was the beginning of the study of what became known as "racial science", says Holmes. Baartman died aged The cause was described as "inflammatory and eruptive disease". It's since been suggested this was a result of pneumonia, syphilis or alcoholism. The naturalist Georges Cuvier, who had danced with Baartman at one of Reaux's parties, made a plaster cast of her body before dissecting it.

He preserved her skeleton and pickled her brain and genitals, placing them in jars displayed at Paris's Museum of Man. They remained on public display untilsomething Holmes describes as "grotesque". South African and French officials pose next to a plaster cast of Baartman in Paris, prior to her remains returning to South Africa. After his election in as President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela requested the repatriation of Baartman's remains and Cuvier's plaster cast.

The French government eventually agreed and this happened in March In August of that year, her remains were buried in Hankey, in Eastern Cape province, years after Baartman had left for Europe. Several books have been published about her treatment and cultural significance. She argued that, amid all this, Baartman "the woman, remains invisible".

Even for those outside South Africa who are unaware of Baartman, there have been subtle cultural references.