Kematian ruhollah khomeini biography

As the costs of the eight-year war mounted, Imam Khomeini, in his words, "drank the cup of poison" and accepted a truce mediated by the United Nations. Imam Khomeini claimed that Rushdie's murder was a religious duty for Muslims because of his alleged blasphemy against Prophet Mohammad in his novel, The Satanic Verses. Rushdie's book contains passages that some Muslims — including Ayatollah Imam Khomeini — considered offensive to Islam and the Prophet.

Though Rushdie publicly apologized, the fatwa was not revoked, Imam Khomeini explaining that "even if Salman Rushdie repents and becomes the most pious man of all time, it is incumbent on every Muslim to employ everything he has got, his life and wealth, to send him to Hell. In his historical letter he wrote: "It is clear to everyone that Communism should henceforth be sought in world museums of political history.

Under Imam Khomeini's rule, Sharia Islamic law was introduced, with the Islamic dress code enforced for both men and women. Women had to cover their hair, and men were not allowed to wear shorts. Life for religious minorities has been mixed under Imam Khomeini and his successors. Shortly after his return from exile inImam Khomeini issued a fatwa ordering that Jews and other minorities except Bahai be treated well.

By law, several seats in the Parliament are reserved for minority religions. After eleven days in a hospital for an operation to stop internal bleeding, Imam Khomeini died of cancer on Saturday, June 3,at the age of Many Iranians mourned Imam Khomeini's death and poured out into the cities and streets. Imam Khomeini adamantly opposed monarchy, arguing that only rule by a leading Islamic jurist would insure Sharia was properly followed Velayat-e Faqih.

Imam Khomeini believed that Iran should strive towards self-reliance. He viewed certain elements of Western culture as being inherently decadent and a corrupting influence upon the youth. His ultimate vision was for Islamic nations to converge together into a kematian ruhollah khomeini biography unified power, in order to avoid alignment with either side the West or the Eastand he believed that this would happen at some point in the near future.

We would like to be free. We would like independence. Imam Khomeini led an ascetic lifestyle, being deeply interested in mysticism, and was against the accumulation of land and wealth by the clergy. Many of Imam Khomeini's political and religious ideas were considered to be progressive and reformist by leftist intellectuals and activists prior to the Revolution.

Imam Khomeini's definition of democracy existed within an Islamic framework. His last will and testament largely focuses on this line of thought, encouraging both the general Iranian populace, the lower economic classes in particular, and the clergy to maintain their commitment to fulfilling Islamic revolutionary ideals. They had seven children, though only five survived infancy, 3 daughters and 2 sons.

His sons entered into religious life. Ahmad Khomeini, the younger son, died in Guess who called for the boycott of Israel in ? Working for the love of God never makes one fatigued Imam Khomeini said, if denied living in Iran, he would go from one airport to next to convey his message to world Imam Khomeini's r. Patrick Heinen. I life in Europe. I know nothing about your religion.

I am not religious. I just see that you fight and kill each other all day long.

Kematian ruhollah khomeini biography: On 3 June ,

But you are all muslims - so why do you fight each other? Amerika and all the others can only use you and steal your oil as long you fight each other. Now they try to take over Europe. Dear Persians wish you health, Peace, and Prosperity! Makes no sense! Are you aware that mafia infested criminal place in Italy has the "Piazza Nassiriya". They ask the permission of squatter state first China has medical history of 's of years Salaams.

Fazil Ali. Raihan Nusrullah. Salman haider. Salaam, MashaAllah very nice. I want to any contact like email or kematian ruhollah khomeini biography of Ayet ul Allah Khamenei, I hve some questions n want to know about that from ayet ul Allah Khamenei, pls provide me, I am waiting your reply. Khalid Shaikh. Syria wants peace. Must talk to a strong Sunni leader that can negotiate on behalf of all groups!

Salman Ahmed. I'm Pakistan as a Muslim i feel proud when i see iran powerful muslim country in the world. I believe our country need Khamenei as well then pakistan will become stronger like iran. Ghulam Abbas. I am from pakistan. I wish i could visit iran ,the country which is being run by the spreme leader. Masoomeh Zaydi. I'm from Pakistan and I love the approach of Imam Khomeini.

He was a true leader and great personality. And now Rehbar-e-Moazzam Ayatollah Khamenei is his successor. Long live Iran. Long live Inqelab e Islami. Afsn bahrampour. Michael Clark. Dear Sir. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item. Khomeini's Funeral Mourning men in residency of Khomeini around his seat area, Jamaran.

Funeral service [ edit ]. The first funeral [ edit ]. The second funeral [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. New Statesman. In Nov. Life in exile Imam Khomeini spent over 14 years in exile, mostly in the holy Shiite city of Najaf in Iraq. Initially, he was sent to Turkey on 4 Novemberwhere he stayed in the city of Bursa for less than a year.

Logically, in the s, as contrasted with the s, he no longer accepted the idea of a limited monarchy under the Iranian Constitution ofan idea that was clearly evidenced by his book Kashf-e Asrar. In his Islamic Government Hokumat-e Islami — which is a collection of his lectures in Najaf published in —he rejected both the Iranian Constitution as an alien import from Belgium and monarchy in general.

He believed that the government was an un-Islamic and illegitimate institution usurping the legitimate authority of the supreme religious leader Faqihwho should rule as both the spiritual and temporal guardian of the Muslim community Umma. In early Imam Khomeini gave a lecture series in Najaf on Islamic Government which later was published as a book titled variously Islamic Government or Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists velayat-e faqih.

This system of clerical rule is necessary to prevent injustice: corruption, oppression by the powerful over the poor and weak, innovation and deviation of Islam and Sharia law; and also to destroy anti-Islamic influence and conspiracies by non-Muslim foreign powers. In the mean time, however, Imam Khomeini was careful not to publicize his ideas for clerical rule outside of his Islamic network of opposition to the Shah which he worked to build and strengthen over the next decade.

After the death in of Dr. As protest grew, so did his profile and importance. During the last few months of his exile, Imam Khomeini received a constant stream of reporters, supporters, and notables, eager to hear the spiritual leader of the revolution. Conservative estimates put the welcoming crowd of Iranians at least three million.

In a speech given to a huge crowd after returning to Iran from exile Feb. Portrait of Imam Khomeini on a building Establishment of new government On February 11, Imam Khomeini declared a provisional government. On March 30,and March 31,the provisional government asked all Iranians sixteen years of age and older, male and female, to vote in a referendum on the question of accepting an Islamic Republic as the new form of government and constitution.

Subsequent elections were held to approve of the newly-drafted constitution. Along with the position of the Supreme Leader, the constitution also requires that a president be elected every four years, but only those candidates approved indirectly by the Council of Guardians may run for the office. Hostage crisis On November 4,a group of students, all of whom were ardent followers of Imam Khomeini, seized the United States embassy in Tehran, and took 63 American citizens as hostage.

Three additional hostages were taken at the Iranian Foreign Ministry. Thirteen of the 63 hostages were released mostly women and black personnel within two weeks, and one more in July Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or "kematian ruhollah khomeini biography," Encyclopedia.

He served as its Supreme Leader until the time of his death. Opposed to Western influence and the secularization separation of government from direct religious influences of Iran, Khomeini joined the revolution that deposed the Shah of Iran in Officially ordained as the Leader of the Revolution, he called for Islamic revolutionaries across the Muslim world to follow Iran's example.

He was named Time Magazine's Man of the Year in and appeared on its cover again in and in We shall soon liberate Jerusalem and pray there. Ruhollah Khomeini was born in the rural town of Khomein, south of the capital city of Tehran, Iran.

Kematian ruhollah khomeini biography: Setiap tahun, peringatan kematian

His exact date of birth is disputed but generally is recorded between andthe same time as the birth of the Constitutional Revolution in Iran see box. Ruhollah was the son and grandson of Shiite mullah's Muslim religious leaders who were minor landowners. His grandfather, Seyyid Ahmad, migrated to Khomein from India, but the family historically originated in northeastern Iran.

Men in the family assumed the title of Seyyid because they claimed descent from the Prophet Muhammad — Ruhollah's father, Seyyid Mostafa, died while Ruhollah was an infant. His mother, Sadiqeh, and an aunt raised Ruhollah and his four siblings in Khomein. His early education was in the local religious school with private tutors added later for special subjects such as logic and science.

Before his sixteenth birthday both his mother and his aunt had died, leaving Ruhollah under the guardianship of his elder brother, Morteza. At the turn of the century, Iran was in a state of chaos with Russian influence in the north and British kematian ruhollah khomeini biography in the south of the country. The central authority of the Shah king in Tehran was limited by the power of rural chieftains and khans landownersin addition to the interference by foreign powers.

In an effort to modernize the political system and end foreign influence, a group of intellectuals and high-ranking clerics proposed a written code of laws for Iran. Their stated goal was to establish a democratic government where the people would rule themselves. Opponents viewed the reforms as the Westernization of Muslim Iran. The resulting dispute brought about the Constitutional Revolution in An elected government was established and a constitution was written in The parliamentary system limited the scope of royal power.

Many clerics joined the new order as teachers and legislators. Although the constitution still relied on Islamic lawother clerics remained resentful about the events that altered their role and authority in Iranian society. The Nationalists who supported the Shah, and the Democrats who supported the Constitution, briefly lived together peacefully.

However, the Shah soon had many Democrats detained on a variety of charges. Some were killed and others sought asylum safety with foreign embassies. After bloody riots broke out in the streets of Tehran, the Shah dissolved the National Assembly and declared martial law law enforcement placed in the hands of a military rather than civil authorities.

The fighting ended in with the Democrats gaining complete control of the capital and the government. The Shah was forced into exile in Russia and his thirteen-year-old son was named as his successor. The National Assembly continued to struggle for control of the country throughout the difficult years of World War I and into the s. As World War I —18 came to an end, Ruhollah prepared to continue his education in an Islamic see box seminary.

Inhe chose the seminary in Arak in order to study under some of the most prominent clerics of his time. Seminary students wore skull caps and short jackets until they commited themselves to religious learning and were initiated at a special ceremony. Ruhollah was initiated in the summer of He exchanged his skull cap for the customary turban, which identifies a true seeker talabeh who has publicly committed to a new way of life.

It is a symbol of respect and responsibility in Muslim society and is worn with a long cloak and tunic. Ruhollah's turban was black because he was a seyyid. Non-seyyids who are members of the clergy wear white turbans and are known as sheikhs. After his initiation, Ruhollah followed his teacher and mentor to the emerging seminary at Qum also spelled Qomlocated ninety miles south of Tehran.

Attaching oneself to a successful mentor was very important in the competitive atmosphere of a seminary because major scholars were assured monetary support from wealthy Muslim donors. Under the guidance of his mentor, Ruhollah studied law and Islamic taxation. He also took a special interest in mystical philosophy Irfan. After graduation, Ruhollah spent many years teaching as well as writing extensively on these subjects.

Inhe married Khadija Thaqafi, the daughter of a wealthy and respected cleric. They had several children during their sixty-year marriage. InReza Khan Mirpanj — led a coup surprise overthrow of the government in Iran that eventually gave him supreme power as the King of Kings. He became Shah and founded the Pahlavi dynasty to carry on his line of descent.

Reza Khan believed that adopting Western institutions and creating a modern economy was the only way for the country to rid itself of poverty and foreign interference. He pursued a secular not related to religion campaign with a dress code which required men to wear European suits and hats. Mullahs had to apply for a permit in order to keep their religious dress and traditional turbans.

Ruhollah helped his students with their exams to ensure they qualified to keep their clerical dress. Ultimately, Reza Khan introduced a controversial law forbidding women to wear veils. The religious community resisted Reza Khan's move toward republicanism a government run by representatives elected by the public and fought any legal changes that might weaken Islam.

His son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, was sworn in as the Shah while still in his early twenties. Ruhollah led a delegation of mullahs to Tehran in order to protest the continuation of the Pahlavi dynasty kematian ruhollah khomeini biography Mohammad-Reza was sworn in. However, he returned to Qum without having experienced much support. The following year he published the first version of his booklet Kahf-ol-Asrar Key to the Secretswhich condemned anyone who criticized Islam.

Three years later, an author he had specifically mentioned in his booklet was murdered by the terrorist group Fedayin-e-Islam Martyrs of Islam for criticizing the faith and therefore betraying Islam. Islam is the youngest of the world's great universal religions in the twenty-first century. A follower of Islam is called a Muslim one who submits.

The founding of the Muslim community began under Muhammad the Messenger, born around ce in the stony valley of Mecca, in current day Saudi Arabia. The final word of Allah God given to his prophet Mohammed is recorded in the Qur'an also known as the Koran. This divine revelation of commands, rewards, and punishments was originally written in Arabic.

Its central article of faith states that "There is no God but Allah. After the Qur'an, the next most important Islamic text is the Hadith. It is a record of the acts and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad and his Companions. The Hadith transmits the sunna, the traditions and practices of the Prophet, to illustrate what he would approve of even into modern times.

Kematian ruhollah khomeini biography: Shah Pahlavi in the s,

Islam emphasizes the brotherhood of men in fulfilling the will of Allah. So it is a matter of great concern that a clear direction specifically outlines the moral and social regulations for living a good life. A Muslim communes intimately communicates with Allah at all times. Therefore, there is no separation between faith and life, including politics and business, to a believer.

Mecca remains the most holy city in Islam. It is a focal point for all Muslims as well as the center of the hajj, the foremost of all Muslim rituals. The hajj is a compulsory pilgrimage to Mecca that is undertaken by over two million Muslims each year. Muslims conceive of their religion as a community that obeys Allah not with passive acceptance, but in the joyful performance of the Sharia Waywhich is the Law of Islam.

The Sharia is seen as a comprehensive legal system that governs all phases of Islamic life. For the first four centuries of Islam, the collecting of the Hadith and the codification of the Law were the chief activities of Muslim scholars. Of the various law schools that formed, four survived as the main body of Sunni Traditional Muslims.

The four accepted schools that define religious duties and interpretations of the law are the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafii, and Hanbali. Branching off of the main body of Muslims are a variety of sects, Shiites, who feel they are set apart from all other Muslims and regard Sunnis as enemies of the faith. In the s, Ruhollah was acclaimed as an ayatollah major religious leader.

He changed his surname to the town of his birth in accordance with clerical tradition. The Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini had long been interested in politics. He was widely read on the kematian ruhollah khomeini biography but now took an active role in the process. Initially, like his mentor before him, Khomeini viewed the clergy's role in politics as supervisory rather than as outright rule.

He was reluctant to claim personal leadership. Ultimately, he would side with the activist faction of Islam to promote an Islamic state. The Shah had already indicated he no longer needed the support of the clerics as he proceeded with his father's secular modernization throughout the s. The government announced a legislative bill in that would allow women to vote for the first time.

It also did not require candidates for local councils to be Muslims. Khomeini considered this an attack on traditional Islam and began a political campaign against the Shah. His power base was among the bazaar a market place where many kinds of goods are sold merchants, guilds an association of people in the same trade or businessand lower clergy of Iran who were not opposed to Islamic reform but traditionally resisted challenging government power because of the possible financial penalties.

This group was now open to disputing the authorities because they felt their livelihood was threatened by the Shah's attempt to shift power toward the new commercial and industrial middle class.